CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS
A1. Application: compare key aspects of life in a few early societies (3000 BCE–1500 CE), each from a different region and era and representing a different culture, and describe some key similarities and differences between these early societies and present-day Canadian society (FOCUS ON: Continuity and Change; Perspective)
A2. Inquiry: use the social studies inquiry process to investigate ways of life and relationships with the environment in two of more early societies (3000 BCE–1500 CE), with an emphasis on aspects of the interrelationship between the environment and life in those societies (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships)
A3. Understanding Context: demonstrate an understanding of key aspects of a few early societies (3000 BCE–1500 CE), each from a different region and era and representing a different culture, with reference to their political and social organization, daily life, and relationships with the environment and with each other (FOCUS ON: Significance)
A2. Inquiry: use the social studies inquiry process to investigate ways of life and relationships with the environment in two of more early societies (3000 BCE–1500 CE), with an emphasis on aspects of the interrelationship between the environment and life in those societies (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships)
A3. Understanding Context: demonstrate an understanding of key aspects of a few early societies (3000 BCE–1500 CE), each from a different region and era and representing a different culture, with reference to their political and social organization, daily life, and relationships with the environment and with each other (FOCUS ON: Significance)
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We study the past to ensure that we do not repeat the same mistakes! When we look to the past, we often have to look down below the surface (archaeology) to locate artifacts!
Historical timelines are often organized into chunks of time known as "eras"
Historical timelines are often organized into chunks of time known as "eras"
NATURAL PHYSICAL ADVANTAGES OF ROME AND BRITANNIA
Let me tell you why Ancient Rome and Britannia were outstanding places for a population to settle. There was a reasonable amount of precipitation to help plants grow! For example, Britannia had around 600-800 mm of precipitation a year. Ancient Rome had a bit more (800-1000 mm) per year. This is similar to Niagara. They don’t have too much to the point where there is a lot of erosion or plants/crops drowning. Ancient Rome had the Tiber River through it while Britannia had the River Thames. Both rivers allowed people to transport goods across and to travel easily. Both places had highlands and mountains for the army to have a bird’s eye view of the flat lands below. This allowed them to protect the citizens. Ancient Rome had the Ostia salt flats. This allowed the citizens to collect salt and use it to preserve their meats. The flat lands were helpful for people to travel. People back then had limited ways to travel and flat land helped the process. Now you know why Ancient Rome and Britannia were great places to settle!
FOOD
There were no refrigerators in medieval England or ancient Rome. Food had to be eaten quickly or treated to prevent it from spoiling (salting, brining: salt water or vinegaring: fruit, sugar, water left to ferment). We still use brine and vinegar and salt today to kill bacteria.
The key to stopping bacteria was to remove sunlight, air and water from food. Root cellars or holes dug beneath bogs would remove a lot of these conditions.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/14/man-finds-22-pound-chunk-of-butter-estimated-to-be-more-than-2000-years-old-in-irish-bog/?utm_term=.47dc5db7e022
The key to stopping bacteria was to remove sunlight, air and water from food. Root cellars or holes dug beneath bogs would remove a lot of these conditions.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/14/man-finds-22-pound-chunk-of-butter-estimated-to-be-more-than-2000-years-old-in-irish-bog/?utm_term=.47dc5db7e022
CLOTHING
Medieval Englanders and Ancient Romans used wool (from sheep and goats), leather (from various animals), and cotton and linen (from plants) for their clothing.
Buttons were not invented till 1330 CE !
Jewelry and cosmetics (makeup) were used to show your social standing much like we do today.
Wool was boiled to kill off smell and bacteria. It was then dried and carded to make it fluffy. Then the fluffy wool was spun into thread and looms were used to quickly turn that thread into clothing.
Medieval England Clothing
People wore woollen robes or tunics over linen garments.
Ancient Roman Clothing
Most ancient romans wore tunics and cloaks. Some people wore togas which were long sheets wrapped loosely around the body. Only the emperor could wear an all purple toga.
Buttons were not invented till 1330 CE !
Jewelry and cosmetics (makeup) were used to show your social standing much like we do today.
Wool was boiled to kill off smell and bacteria. It was then dried and carded to make it fluffy. Then the fluffy wool was spun into thread and looms were used to quickly turn that thread into clothing.
Medieval England Clothing
People wore woollen robes or tunics over linen garments.
Ancient Roman Clothing
Most ancient romans wore tunics and cloaks. Some people wore togas which were long sheets wrapped loosely around the body. Only the emperor could wear an all purple toga.
MEDICINE
Staying healthy was difficult in medieval England. People were not concerned with keeping their communities clean. Human and animal waste and other garbage was dumped into the streets.
Serious injuries were common during war. A city or town's butchers and barbers also acted as surgeons. Doctors of the time did not clean medical instruments causing infections. Bloodletting was thought to cure many illnesses. This treatment usually made the sick person worse.
Ancient Romans realized that people tended to get sick when they lived in unclean conditions. They built aqueducts that provided fresh, clean water for drinking and bathing. There were even flushing toilets and sewers to carry waste away!
Roman surgeons cleaned instruments before using them preventing the spread of germs.
Pharmacies in ancient Rome would have looked like vegetable gardens. Lots of plants and herbs were used in treatments.
Serious injuries were common during war. A city or town's butchers and barbers also acted as surgeons. Doctors of the time did not clean medical instruments causing infections. Bloodletting was thought to cure many illnesses. This treatment usually made the sick person worse.
Ancient Romans realized that people tended to get sick when they lived in unclean conditions. They built aqueducts that provided fresh, clean water for drinking and bathing. There were even flushing toilets and sewers to carry waste away!
Roman surgeons cleaned instruments before using them preventing the spread of germs.
Pharmacies in ancient Rome would have looked like vegetable gardens. Lots of plants and herbs were used in treatments.
CONFLICT IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
Men between the ages of 15-60 had to have a knife, sword or bow and arrow to help maintain peace and order. Knights were enlisted to fight on the side of nobles and England's king. They followed a code of chivalry which required them to be courteous, generous and brave. They often practised their skills in a sport known as jousting.
CONFLICT IN ANCIENT ROME
The Roman Empire grew by having its powerful army invade neighbouring countries which included France, Spain, England, Greece and Egypt. A Roman governor and soldiers were left in these new territories to keep peace and enforce Roman laws by force!
Rome was successful for hundreds of years in controlling territories but by 100 CE, the empire was very large and difficult to control. There were constant uprisings and threats. The army also had to spend time dealing with problems at home and the movement of the army from one place to another weakened its enforcement leading to the empire suffering losses in other lands
Rome was successful for hundreds of years in controlling territories but by 100 CE, the empire was very large and difficult to control. There were constant uprisings and threats. The army also had to spend time dealing with problems at home and the movement of the army from one place to another weakened its enforcement leading to the empire suffering losses in other lands
COOPERATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
Nobles were given land by the king. In return nobles provided military service for the king. Peasants had to work the lords' land. In exchange they received protection and land on which to grow their own crops.
Guilds were groups of skilled merchants or craftspeople. All the people who built stone buildings for example were part of a guild. A guild protected its members so they did not work too many hours. If a member became sick, the guild would look after that person or his or her family!
Guilds were groups of skilled merchants or craftspeople. All the people who built stone buildings for example were part of a guild. A guild protected its members so they did not work too many hours. If a member became sick, the guild would look after that person or his or her family!
COOPERATION IN ANCIENT ROME
Ancient Rome was founded on cooperation. Seven villages sat on the seven hills near the Tiber River. They worked together to drain the swamps that separated the villages and worked to build settlements. They also set up markets and met for competitions and religious ceremonies. They cooperated by invading other countries together and controlled these territories by cooperating with them. Rome allowed the people of the territories to live in much the same way s they did before their invasion. The Roman army provided people with protection and stability.
TRAVEL
Medieval Englanders would often walk or if they could afford, travel by horseback or in horse drawn carriages. They used the roads that Ancient Roman laid down years before. They would also use small boats to travel on lakes and rivers. Once stone bridges came along, boat transport was less common.
Ancient Romans walked and would ride horses. Horses would pull carts and chariots. Their roads were built on solid foundations using materials such as rock and gravel. They then laid stones on top. The roads were built slightly higher in the middle allowing precipitation to drain into ditches on the sides of the roads. The roads were so reliable that transporting goods from place to place (and soldiers/equipment) was easy helping them to survive and conquer.
Ancient Romans walked and would ride horses. Horses would pull carts and chariots. Their roads were built on solid foundations using materials such as rock and gravel. They then laid stones on top. The roads were built slightly higher in the middle allowing precipitation to drain into ditches on the sides of the roads. The roads were so reliable that transporting goods from place to place (and soldiers/equipment) was easy helping them to survive and conquer.
HOUSING
Medieval Englanders tended to live in manors outside of city centers. Peasants, slaves and home owners would tend to the fertile land.
Ancient Romans would often live in wooden homes resembling simple apartment structures which had shops on the first level. Poor people lived in small, crowded rooms which often collapsed and fires were quite common. Wealthy families lived in large stone houses with roofs made of clay tiles. They had marble floors, carved columns and beautiful gardens. Atriums were quite common as well!
Ancient Romans would often live in wooden homes resembling simple apartment structures which had shops on the first level. Poor people lived in small, crowded rooms which often collapsed and fires were quite common. Wealthy families lived in large stone houses with roofs made of clay tiles. They had marble floors, carved columns and beautiful gardens. Atriums were quite common as well!
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Both Ancient Rome and Medieval England societies were patriarchies. The oldest male in the family was the most powerful and had to be obeyed.
MEN
Men were responsible for physical/outside work. Men were permitted in Ancient Rome to sell even a family into slavery!
WOMEN
Women were responsible for inside work and child care.
CHILDREN
Girls would follow their mother’s lead and boys would typically follow their dad’s lead.
OTHER HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
In medieval England, if you were rich (noble) you often had upwards of 100 people who would live with you (cooks, butlers, grooms). Both England and Rome also had their fair of slaves who were often mistreated.
MEN
Men were responsible for physical/outside work. Men were permitted in Ancient Rome to sell even a family into slavery!
WOMEN
Women were responsible for inside work and child care.
CHILDREN
Girls would follow their mother’s lead and boys would typically follow their dad’s lead.
OTHER HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
In medieval England, if you were rich (noble) you often had upwards of 100 people who would live with you (cooks, butlers, grooms). Both England and Rome also had their fair of slaves who were often mistreated.
FOOD TRADITIONS
Medieval England
Families usually ate two meals a day. The first meal was called Dinner. It was eaten in the late morning. Their late meal was called Supper. Medieval English people detested green vegetables and fruits and thought they were unhealthy. If they were to eat vegetables or fruits they would mix it in with meat, water and boil it until it turned into a dish called pottage.
Peasant farmers would be allowed to take left over fruits and vegetables from the lands they farmed. They also shared community garden space.
Ancient Rome
Families ate three meals usually a day. Wealthy families could afford proteins such as fish, chicken and beef. Wealthy nobles enjoyed showing off their many types of food by holding feasts or banquets. Slaves would provide the food and much like in Medieval England, nobles would allow peasants to beg at the meals and occasionally, peasants were given leftover food. Grain was commonly given to peasants as well.
Families usually ate two meals a day. The first meal was called Dinner. It was eaten in the late morning. Their late meal was called Supper. Medieval English people detested green vegetables and fruits and thought they were unhealthy. If they were to eat vegetables or fruits they would mix it in with meat, water and boil it until it turned into a dish called pottage.
Peasant farmers would be allowed to take left over fruits and vegetables from the lands they farmed. They also shared community garden space.
Ancient Rome
Families ate three meals usually a day. Wealthy families could afford proteins such as fish, chicken and beef. Wealthy nobles enjoyed showing off their many types of food by holding feasts or banquets. Slaves would provide the food and much like in Medieval England, nobles would allow peasants to beg at the meals and occasionally, peasants were given leftover food. Grain was commonly given to peasants as well.
HOW FAMILIES WERE FORMED
*In medieval England, couples would wear wedding rings on their middle fingers on their right hands. This is different from modern times where we wear our rings on the left hand on our ring fingers.
*In medieval England, the custom of betrothal was used. Often times young men (urged by their parents) would ask a young lady (sometimes a child!) for their hand in marriage. This promise resulted in the young lady wearing a ring for a quite a while until she was ready to actually get married.
*In ancient Rome, the groom (the male) would ask the bride to get married. Only after this was asked would they hold hands for the first time. When they got married, both the groom and the bride would wear flower wreaths. The bride would wear a veil. After the marriage, a banquet (a feast) was held at the bride’s house. Nowadays, we have celebrational feasts anywhere we please. Instead of throwing a bouquet of flowers to single people to predict who would get married next, in ancient Rome they tossed a torch (which they put out!).
*In medieval England, the custom of betrothal was used. Often times young men (urged by their parents) would ask a young lady (sometimes a child!) for their hand in marriage. This promise resulted in the young lady wearing a ring for a quite a while until she was ready to actually get married.
*In ancient Rome, the groom (the male) would ask the bride to get married. Only after this was asked would they hold hands for the first time. When they got married, both the groom and the bride would wear flower wreaths. The bride would wear a veil. After the marriage, a banquet (a feast) was held at the bride’s house. Nowadays, we have celebrational feasts anywhere we please. Instead of throwing a bouquet of flowers to single people to predict who would get married next, in ancient Rome they tossed a torch (which they put out!).
ENTERTAINMENT
Ancient Romans sometimes played board games and a game called “Knuckle Bones” which was similar to “Jacks”. Slaves or prisoners were sometimes enlisted as Gladiators. They would either fight animals or one another to the death.
In Medieval England, they enjoyed storytelling, musical instruments, tops, board games and “Skittles” which is similar to modern bowling.
In Medieval England, they enjoyed storytelling, musical instruments, tops, board games and “Skittles” which is similar to modern bowling.
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